Greenhouse gases (GHGs) — including carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and fluorinated gases — are released into the atmosphere through activities such as burning fossil fuels, industrial production, deforestation, and agriculture. These gases trap heat from the sun, creating a “greenhouse effect” that warms the Earth’s surface and maintains a habitable climate. However, human activities have drastically increased GHG concentrations, intensifying this effect and leading to global climate change. Over time, excessive greenhouse gas emissions disrupt the natural balance of the Earth’s climate system. The most immediate and visible consequence is global warming , reflected in rising average temperatures across the planet. This leads to melting glaciers and polar ice caps, rising sea levels, and more frequent and severe weather events such as heatwaves, droughts, floods, and hurricanes. These changes threaten ecosystems, agriculture, water resources, and human livel...