Gender bias in healthcare is a long-standing but often overlooked issue that directly affects diagnosis accuracy , treatment outcomes , and overall well-being—especially for women. Despite medical advancements, gender remains one of the most persistent factors influencing how seriously symptoms are taken, how diseases are studied, and how care is delivered. Understanding these biases is essential for building a healthcare system that serves everyone equally. 1. The Historical Problem: Medicine Built Around the Male Body For decades, medical research relied heavily on male subjects—both in animal testing and human clinical trials . Women were often excluded due to perceived “biological complexity,” hormonal cycles , or concerns about pregnancy risk . As a result: Many medications were never properly tested on women. Dosages were standardized for the average male body . Women’s symptoms were treated as deviations rather than standards. This male-default approach created...